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Ukraine culture and history)
Ukraine has very rich culture and history. It has given the world many brilliant names in literature, history, painting, music and science.
Theatrical art in Ukraine arose from ancient folk plays, dances, songs and ceremonies. The 18th century witnessed the birth of theater companies, which performed in either Russian or Polish. Theaters were built in Kyiv (1806), in Odessa (1809) and in Poltava (1810) where I.Kotlarevsky became a theatre director and where he produced his own performances (“Natalka Poltavka”). These were the first Ukrainian-language plays to be staged.
The first professional Ukrainian theater was founded in 1864 in western Ukraine. In eastern Ukraine, M.Kropyvnytsky established the first professional theater in 1881.
Today Ukraine has 91 professional theaters, including dramatic, opera and operetta, ballet and puppet theaters.
The literature of Ukraine has a 1000-year history. Of great importance for the growth of literature was establishment in Lviv of the first printing press by Ivan Fedorov in 1574.
In the 1700 Ivan Kotliarevsky wrote the famous epic poem “Eneida”.
The appearance of T.Shevchenko’s Kobzar ushered in an epoch of romanticism and national consciousness. T.Shevchenko reflected the hopes and aspiration of the nation in the beast folk poetic tradition.
Realism flourished in the nineteenth century. The end of the nineteenth century produced literary giants such as Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, who with their fighting spirit spurred Ukrainians on in their struggle for self-realization.
The twentieth century began with Renaissance in literature. Many literature groups and organization formed. Some prominent names from this period: M. Kulish, M. Khvylovyi, M. Zerov. By the 1930’s the great terror began, with its purges, show trials and repressions. Most of the writers were either killed or driven to suicide. It is estimated that over4 250 writers perished during this period. Despite the violent deaths of so many writers, Ukrainian literature gave the world such well-known names as O. Honchar and a writer and a film director O. Dovzhenko.
A group of writers from the 1960’s known as the “Sixtiers” took advantage of a political thaw initiated by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin, and revitalized Ukrainian Literature. Prominent among these are: L. Kostenko, V. Symonenko, V. Stus.
The most wide speared religion in Ukraine is Christianity. Most of the faithful belong to the Orthodox Church. Today, much of the population of western Ukraine belongs to the Greek Catholic Church. Since Ukraine’s independence the number of the church has increased dramatically. There has been a rebirth in religious activity: Sunday schools, religious publication abound. Since 1994, 138 religious buildings have been returned to their rightful owners, 261 new churches have been constructed, and 1,739 more are being built.
The Ukrainian nation is famous for its musicality. The Ukrainian folk songs inspired famous composers in their work. The most famous among the Ukrainian musical companies are State Academical cappella “Dumka” and State Academical Nation Choir of G. Veryovka, State Academical Ensemble of folk dance of P. Virsky.
Theatrical art in Ukraine arose from ancient folk plays, dances, songs and ceremonies. The 18th century witnessed the birth of theater companies, which performed in either Russian or Polish. Theaters were built in Kyiv (1806), in Odessa (1809) and in Poltava (1810) where I.Kotlarevsky became a theatre director and where he produced his own performances (“Natalka Poltavka”). These were the first Ukrainian-language plays to be staged.
The first professional Ukrainian theater was founded in 1864 in western Ukraine. In eastern Ukraine, M.Kropyvnytsky established the first professional theater in 1881.
Today Ukraine has 91 professional theaters, including dramatic, opera and operetta, ballet and puppet theaters.
The literature of Ukraine has a 1000-year history. Of great importance for the growth of literature was establishment in Lviv of the first printing press by Ivan Fedorov in 1574.
In the 1700 Ivan Kotliarevsky wrote the famous epic poem “Eneida”.
The appearance of T.Shevchenko’s Kobzar ushered in an epoch of romanticism and national consciousness. T.Shevchenko reflected the hopes and aspiration of the nation in the beast folk poetic tradition.
Realism flourished in the nineteenth century. The end of the nineteenth century produced literary giants such as Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, who with their fighting spirit spurred Ukrainians on in their struggle for self-realization.
The twentieth century began with Renaissance in literature. Many literature groups and organization formed. Some prominent names from this period: M. Kulish, M. Khvylovyi, M. Zerov. By the 1930’s the great terror began, with its purges, show trials and repressions. Most of the writers were either killed or driven to suicide. It is estimated that over4 250 writers perished during this period. Despite the violent deaths of so many writers, Ukrainian literature gave the world such well-known names as O. Honchar and a writer and a film director O. Dovzhenko.
A group of writers from the 1960’s known as the “Sixtiers” took advantage of a political thaw initiated by Khrushchev after the death of Stalin, and revitalized Ukrainian Literature. Prominent among these are: L. Kostenko, V. Symonenko, V. Stus.
The most wide speared religion in Ukraine is Christianity. Most of the faithful belong to the Orthodox Church. Today, much of the population of western Ukraine belongs to the Greek Catholic Church. Since Ukraine’s independence the number of the church has increased dramatically. There has been a rebirth in religious activity: Sunday schools, religious publication abound. Since 1994, 138 religious buildings have been returned to their rightful owners, 261 new churches have been constructed, and 1,739 more are being built.
The Ukrainian nation is famous for its musicality. The Ukrainian folk songs inspired famous composers in their work. The most famous among the Ukrainian musical companies are State Academical cappella “Dumka” and State Academical Nation Choir of G. Veryovka, State Academical Ensemble of folk dance of P. Virsky.
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